Latest Advancements in Solar Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Conversion Technologies: Thermal Energy Storage Using Phase Change Materials, Machine Learning, and 4E Analyses

Table 6

Studies on the exergy analysis of solar heating devices [174].

Ref	Heating device	Exergy efficiency	Key findings
Akpinar and Koçyiğit [175]	Flat plate solar heaters	44%	Exergetic efficiency rises as the air mass flow rate and time are increased.
Alta et al. [176]	Flat plate solar air heaters	39%	The inclusion of fins in solar air heaters was observed to be beneficial and more efficient than those without fins.
Dikici and Akbulut [177]	Solar-assisted heat pump	30.80%	Solar collector’s exergy losses were 1.92 kW.
Kara et al. [178]	Solar-assisted heat pump	23.81%	Max exergy losses were predominantly observed in the compressor, followed by the condenser and solar collector.
Gunerhan and Hepbasli [179]	Solar water heating system	16.17%	The solar collector was responsible for the greatest exergy destruction