Research Article
1 nm Tin Oxide Cluster for the Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formate at Low Overpotential
Figure 1
(a) XRD patterns of the SnO2/ZC cluster prepared without annealing (as-prepared) and those annealed under different temperatures and atmospheres (Ar 100°C, Ar/H2 100°C, and Ar/H2 300°C). The referenced XRD patterns of SnO2 (JCPDS #41-1445) are displayed at the bottom. (b) HAADF-STEM and (c) high-resolution TEM images of the as-prepared SnO2/ZC catalyst. Visualization of SnO2 nanoclusters within the delineated yellow square, exhibiting a size of approximately 1 nm. (d) Particle size distribution of SnO2/ZC catalysts prepared under different annealing conditions. (e) Sn 3d and (f) O 1s XPS spectra of the as-prepared and the heat-treated SnO2/ZC catalysts.
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