Optimal Sizing and Management of Hybrid Wind Turbine-Diesel-Battery System for Reverse Osmosis Seawater Desalination in NEOM City

Table 7

Detailed output for different components of the WT/DG/BS system.

Quantity	Value	Unit	Quantity	Value	Unit
Wind turbine
Total rated capacity	90.0	kW	Maximum output	47.6	kW
Mean output	12.2	kW	Wind penetration	48.8	%
Capacity factor	13.5	%	Hours of operation	3,377	hrs/yr
Total production	106,783	kWh/yr	Levelized cost	0.209	$/kWh
Diesel generator
Hours of operation	4,791	hrs/yr	Electrical production	119,068	kWh/yr
Number of starts	992	starts/yr	Mean electrical output	24.9	kW
Operational life	3.13	yr	Minimum electrical output	6.25	kW
Capacity factor	54.4	%	Maximum electrical output	25.0	kW
Fixed generation cost	2.41	$/hr	Specific fuel consumption	0.306	L/kWh
Marginal generation cost	0.273	$/kWh	Fuel energy input	358,747	kWh/yr
Fuel consumption	36,458	L	Mean electrical efficiency	33.2	%
Battery storage
Autonomy	4.03	hr	Batteries	48.0	qty.
Storage wear cost	0.221	$/kWh	Energy in	25,255	kWh/yr
Nominal capacity	126	kWh	Energy out	21,478	kWh/yr
Usable nominal capacity	101	kWh	Storage depletion	12.0	kWh/yr
Lifetime throughput	109,685	kWh	Losses	3,789	kWh/yr
Expected life	4.71	yr	Annual throughput	23,296	kWh/yr
Converter
Hours of operation	1,608	2,382	Energy in	21,478	26,585
Energy out	20,404	25,255	Losses	1,074	1,329