Gas-to-Biochar Byproducts of Pyrolysis and Gasification of Star Anise Biomass

Table 3

Pyrolysis products and their characteristic frequencies [23, 38, 39].

Wavenumber (cm^-1)	Volatile gas
4000–3400	H2O
3250–2850	CH4
2500–2250	CO2
2250–2150	CO
1900–1600	Acid classes, aldehydes, and ketones
1300–950	Ethers, alcohols, and phenols
780–500	CO2