CFD simulation Test Code Mesh resolution Standard Nonlinear SLR Standard SST RSM LES Simulation Loginov et al. [31 ] FLOMIX-R project, d05m00 N/A 3.0 M, 5.3 M , and 12.3 M cells (in total) and 0.26 M, 0.42 M, 0.82 M , 2.02 M, and 13.3 M cells (in the CL) ● Subgrid model of Vreman [75 ] Transient Loginov et al. [14 ] FLOMIX-R project, d05m05, m10, and m15 N/A 13.2 M (d05m05), 15.2 M (d05m10), and 19.9 M cells (d05m15) ● Subgrid model of Vreman [75 ] Transient Farkas et al. [40 ] OECD PKL2 project, test 1.1 FLUENT 4.6 M cells ● Transient Feng et al. [73 ] FLOMIX-R project, d10m05 TrioCFD 15 M cells ● WALE model Transient Höhne et al. [16 , 30 ] and Höhne and Kliem [79 ] IAEA CRP, d10m10 and d00m15 ANSYS CFX, TrioCFD 1.7.3 6.5 M nodes and 4 M hybrid elements (CFX) and 22 M elements (TrioCFD) ● BSL-RSM (CFX) ● WALE model (TrioCFD) Transient Puragliesi [41 ] OECD PKL2 project, tests 1.1, 2.1, and 2.2 STAR-CCM+ 10.04 1.4 M, 11.9 M , and 16.9 M cells ● Transient Čarija et al. [80 ] IAEA CRP, d10m10 ANSYS Fluent 8.5 M cells ● ● ● ● Transient Chouhan et al. [16 , 32 ] IAEA CRP, d10m10 OpenFOAM-4.1 Coarse mesh (RANS), 2.8 M, 5 M, and 12 M cells (LES) ● ● WALE and one-equation eddy viscosity models Transient Wei et al. [42 ] OECD PKL2 project, tests 1.1, 2.1, and 2.2 OpenFOAM-5 8.3 M cells ● ● Transient Ayad et al. [81 ] IAEA CRP, d10m10 ANSYS CFX 2022 R1 6.5 M elements ● Transient
Test case dxx myy : constant flow rate in a single loop, which represents the magnitude of natural circulation, equal to yy % of the nominal flow with a density difference of xx % between the loop and ECC water. Data in italics under mesh resolution: conditions used for validation among multiple conditions or conditions that were indicated to be suitable. Black circles mean applicable.