CFD Applications to Pressurized Thermal Shock-Related Phenomena

Table 8

CFD simulations of a two-phase (steam–water) flow on the TOPFLOW-PTS experiments.

CFD simulation

Test

Code

Mesh resolution

Two-phase

Standard –

Standard –

SST –

RSM

LES

Interfacial momentum transfer

Heat and mass transfer

Fluid properties

Simulation

Apanasevich et al. [91]

NURISP project, steady-state steam–water case (pre-test)

ANSYS CFX 12.0

0.85 M elements

Inhomogeneous (two-fluid) model

●

N/A

DCC model based on the surface renewal theory proposed by Hughes and Duffey [102] and two resistance model

Constant

Transient

Martin et al. [93]

NURISP project, steady-state steam–water case (pre-test)

NEPTUNE_CFD

0.43 M cells (fluid domain) and 0.06 M cells (solid domain)

Two-fluid model

●

LIM

N/A

CATHARE

Transient

Apanasevich et al. [92]

NURISP project, steady-state steam–water case (pre-test)

ANSYS CFX 12.0

0.87 M and 1.7 M elements

Two-fluid model

●

AIAD and no modeling (standard two-fluid model)

DCC model based on the surface renewal theory proposed by Hughes and Duffey [102] and two resistance model

IAPWS

Transient

Coste and Lecomte [104]

SSSW 3-2

NEPTUNE_CFD 1.3

0.54 M cells

Two-fluid model

●

LIM; (ver. 1.0.8 and ver. 2.0-beta)

DCC model based on the surface renewal theory proposed by Coste[110], Lakehal et al. [111], Magnaudet and Calmet [112], and wall law type model [103]

N/A

Transient

Apanasevich et al. [15]

NURISP project, steady-state steam–water case (pre-test)

ANSYS CFX 12.0, ANSYS FLUENT 12.0 and NEPTUNE_CFD 1.0.8

CFX: 0.87 M and 1.7 M cells, FLUENT: 0.87 M elements, and NEPTUNE_CFD: 0.53 M cells and 1.5 M elements

CFX and NEPTUNE_CFD: Two-fluid model and FLUENT: VOF method

●; (NEPTUNE_CFD)

●; (CFX)

●; Smagorinsky SGS model; (FLUENT)

CFX: AIAD and constant drag coefficient of 0.44,; FLUENT: N/A, and NEPTUNE_CFD: LIM

CFX: DCC model based on the surface renewal theory [116] by Hughes and Duffey [102], FLUENT: DCC model based on the surface renewal theory by Hughes and Duffey [102], NEPTUNE_CFD: DCC model based on the surface divergence model by Lakehal et al. [121] and the surface renewal theory by Coste [110] and wall law type model [103]

CFX: IAPWS, FLUENT: no equation of state and user function for the case of steam, and NEPTUNE_CFD: CATHARE

FLUENT: Transient and CFX and NEPTUNE_CFD: not listed

Apanasevich et al. [35]

NURESAFE project, undisclosed in detail (There is a possibility of SSSW 3-17.)

ANSYS CFX 14.5

1.2 M and 2.0 M cells

Two-fluid model

●

AIAD and constant drag coefficient of 0.44

DCC model based on the surface renewal theory proposed by Hughes and Duffey [102] and Magnaudet and Calmet [112]

IAPWS

Steady-state

Coste and Mérigoux [105] and Mérigoux et al. [106]

NURESAFE project, SSSW 3-16, 3-17, 3-18, 3-19

NEPTUNE_CFD 2.0.0 and 2.2.0

0.44 M, 0.78 M, 1.1 M, and 1.8 M cells

Two-fluid model

●; (ver. 2.0.0)

●; – SSG; (ver. 2.2.0)

LIM

DCC model based on the surface divergence model proposed by Magnaudet and Calmet [112](ver. 2.0.0), Lakehal et al. [111] (ver. 2.2.0) and wall law type model [103]

CATHARE

Transient

Mérigoux et al. [107]

SSSW 3-17 (mesh sensitivity study) and TSW 3-5

NEPTUNE_CFD 3.0.0

0.44 M, 0.78 M, 1.1 M, 1.8 M cells; (SSSW 3-17) and 0.78 M cells (TSW 3-5)

Two-fluid model

●; – SSG

LIM

DCC model based on the surface divergence model proposed by Lakehal et al. [111] and wall law type model [103]

CATHARE

Transient

Mérigoux et al. [17]

NURESAFE project, SSSW 3-17

ANSYS CFX 16.0, TransAT 5.1.2_RC2, and NEPTUNE_CFD 3.0.0

CFX: 1.2 M cells, NEPTUNE_CFD: 0.78 M cells, and TransAT: 1.2 M elements

CFX, NEPTUNE_CFD: Two-fluid model and TransAT: LS method

●; (TransAT)

●; (CFX)

●; – SSG; (NEPTUNE_CFD)

CFX: AIAD and NEPTUNE_CFD: LIM

CFX: DCC model based on the surface divergence model proposed by Lakehal et al. [111], NEPTUNE_CFD: DCC model based on the surface divergence model proposed by Lakehal et al. [111] and wall law type model [103], and TransAT: DCC model based on the surface divergence model proposed by Coste [110]

CFX: IAPWS, NEPTUNE_CFD: CATHARE, and TransAT: constant

CFX: steady-state and NEPTUNE_CFD and TransAT: transient

SSSW: steady-state steam–water with mass transfer due to condensation; TSW: transient steam–water with mass transfer due to condensation. Data in italics under mesh resolution: conditions used for validation among multiple conditions or conditions that were indicated to be suitable.