Optimal PMU Placement for Fault Classification and Localization Using Enhanced Feature Selection in Machine Learning Algorithms

Table 4

Sampling error for ROCOF in voltage at bus 1.

V1 ROCOF	Samples/cycle	64	32	16	8	4	2	1
Fault type	Fault location	Error (Hz/s)
1	1	0	0.166	0.565	0.906	0.122	0.410	22.747
2		0	0.276	0.354	0.949	0.977	—	13.985
3		0	0.000	0.081	0.056	0.031	5.857	—
4		0	0.039	0.023	0.218	0.799	0.352	—
5		0	0.345	1.396	3.170	5.835	—	—
6		0	0.135	0.369	0.847	0.373	0.055	—
7		0	0.069	0.069	0.230	0.925	5.972	—
8		0	0.120	0.120	1.639	1.417	1.532	21.174
9		0	0.101	0.364	0.448	0.564	0.627	18.719
10		0	0.000	0.409	0.470	0.532	6.479	—