Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Energy Consumption in Educational Buildings

Table 2

Performance metrics.

Algorithms	Description	Math form
-squared [37]	The coefficient of determination is used to determine how much of the variance in the dependent variable can be explained by the independent variables.
Mean squared error [38]	A regression metric used to calculate the average squared difference between predicted and actual values.
Root mean squared error [39]	RMSE is a widely used measure for estimating the average variance between predicted and real values in regression tasks.
Mean absolute error [40]	A regression statistic used to calculate the average absolute difference between predicted and actual values, ignoring the direction of mistakes.
Mean absolute percentage error [39]	A commonly used method for determining forecasting error, as it measures the average absolute percent inaccuracy for each time period less actual values divided by actual values, making understanding it simpler due to its scaled units.