Optimal Adaptive Fractional Order Integral Sliding Mode Controller-Energy Management Strategy for Electric Vehicles Based on Bald Eagle Search Algorithm

<div>Measured and UDDS reference power waveforms: (a) load power; (b) battery power; (c) supercapacitor power.</div>

International Journal of Energy Research

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Figure 13

Figure 13: Optimal Adaptive Fractional Order Integral Sliding Mode Controller-Energy Management Strategy for Electric Vehicles Based on Bald Eagle Search Algorithm 

Figure 13 | Optimal Adaptive Fractional Order Integral Sliding Mode Controller-Energy Management Strategy for Electric Vehicles Based on Bald Eagle Search Algorithm 