Research Article

Cascaded Fractional-Order Controller-Based Load Frequency Regulation for Diverse Multigeneration Sources Incorporated with Nuclear Power Plant

Table 1

List of nomenclature and notations.

AcronymDefinition

IPSInterconnected power system
SGOSquid game optimizer
AVRAutomatic voltage regulator
FAFirefly algorithm
JSOJellyfish swarm optimization
SLPStep load perturbation
PSOParticle swarm optimization
Frequency variation
PIDProportional integral derivative
WCAWater cycle algorithm
PIDD2Proportional integral with double derivative
PIDFProportional-integral-derivative filter
ITAEIntegral time absolute error
CESCapacitive energy storage
TIDNTilt integral derivative with filter
TFTransfer function
FOFractional order
FLCFuzzy logic controller
PSOParticle swarm optimization
TDTime delay
RFBRedox flow battery
Time constant for reheat turbine
Participation factor for gas
BDGBiodiesel generator
Participation factor for hydro
CFCost function
Frequency bias factor
AGCAutomatic generation control
BESBattery energy storage
ESSEnergy storage system
ITSEIntegral time square error
ΔPDLoad deviation
Speed regulation
ΔPGOutput deviation of a generator
FAFirefly algorithm
TpTime constant of power system
Overshoot
Undershoot
Gain of power system
Inertia constant
STSettling time
JSOJellyfish search optimization
HPower system gain
HMGHybrid microgrid
MGMicrogrid
Upper boundary
ΔXGValve position of governor
ITSEIntegral time square error
Lower boundary
Wind time constant
Combustion reaction time delay
Speed governor lead time constant
, , Constants of valve positioner
Participation factor for nuclear plant
Gain of reheat steam turbine
PSPower system
TwTime constant for water
TCDCompressor discharge volume time constant
Area size ratio
Speed governor lag time constant
LFCLoad frequency control
BDBoiler dynamics