Cascaded Fractional-Order Controller-Based Load Frequency Regulation for Diverse Multigeneration Sources Incorporated with Nuclear Power Plant

Table 7

Comparison performance for case 2.

Transient parameters	Variation in areas	PID	PIDD2	FOPID	FOI-FOPIDD2	FOPI-PD [25]	FOTID [47]	I-TD [52]
Time settling ()		3.80	3.66	2.86	2.69	8.434	25.5	12.27
		4.85	4.09	3.93	3.21	10.90	23.2	29.46
		3.83	3.71	3.66	3.20	5.98	18.77	30.50
Overshoot ()		0.00194	0.00007	0.00043	0.00024	0.00004	0.00680	0.00280
		0.00044	0.00024	0.00028	0.00023	0.00027	0.01170	0.00110
		0.00241	0.00072	0.00012	0.00007	0.00000	0.00260	0.0007
Undershoot ()		-0.0102	-0.00600	-0.00086	-0.00061	-0.00059	-0.0245	-0.0109
		-0.0008	-0.00062	-0.00035	-0.00026	-0.00178	-0.0228	-0.0035
		-0.0087	-0.00803	-0.00564	-0.00601	-0.00084	-0.0044	-0.0022