Review of the Mechanistic and Structural Assessment of Binders in Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Figure 20

High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectra of various spent LIB samples: (a) preheating F 1s spectra of the cathode electrode, (b) cathode electrode F 1s spectra after 30 minutes of heating in CaO at 300°C, (c) cathode electrode C 1s spectra prior to heating treatment, and (d) the cathode electrode’s C 1s spectra after 30 min at 300°C in CaO [206].

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)