Review of the Mechanistic and Structural Assessment of Binders in Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Table 1

Concise tabular representation comparing key parameters of LIBs employing water-based and nonwater-based binders during electrode fabrication.

Parameter	Water-based binder	Nonwater-based binder
Binder type	Water-based binder [72–75]	Nonwater-based binder [76, 77]
Advantages	(i) Environmentally friendly [78]	(i) Enhanced mechanical strength [79]
	(ii) Better compatibility with some electrode materials [80]	(ii) Improved electrochemical performance [81]
		(iii) Wide range of material compatibility [82]
Disadvantages	(i) Lower mechanical strength compared to nonwater-based binders [83]	(i) Potential solvent compatibility issues [84]
	(ii) Limited compatibility with some electrode materials [80]	(ii) Higher cost [83]
		(iii) Potential environmental concerns [77]
Mechanical properties	Moderate mechanical strength [85]	Improved mechanical stability [79]
Electrochemical	(i) Slightly lower capacity [86]	(i) Potential for higher capacity [87]
Performance	(i) Good cycle life [88]	(i) Improved cycle life [88]
	(ii) Moderate rate capability [89]	(ii) Enhanced rate capability [90]
Compatibility	Works well with specific electrode materials and electrolytes [91]	Versatile compatibility with various electrode materials and electrolytes [92]
Cost	Generally lower cost [93]	Generally higher cost [94]
Environmental impact	Generally lower environmental impact [95]	Potential environmental impact related to solvent use [96]