Afforestation for the Provision of Multiple Ecosystem Services: A Ukrainian Case Study

Table 8

Economic evaluation of afforestation across zones, PV M€.

Forestry zone	𝑟%	Total benefits	Costs	NPV
Polissja (Woodland)	0	756.6	356.3	400.3
	2	128.1	162.7	−34.6
	4	33.3	99.5	−66.2
Forest Steppe	0	3531.7	1084.3	2447.4
	2	834.7	486	348.7
	4	329.0	290.5	38.5
Steppe	0	4572.1	2173.3	2398.8
	2	1433.4	965	468.4
	4	696.6	570.2	126.4
Carpathians	0	1136.4	177.9	958.5
	2	204.9	80.9	124
	4	59.9	49.2	10.7
Crimea	0	707.3	345	362.3
	2	175.6	159.9	15.7
	4	74.2	99.4	−25.2