Influence of Plantation Establishment on Discharge Characteristics in a Small Catchment of Tropical Forest

Table 1

Catchment characteristics of C1 and C3.

Element	C1 (undisturbed forest)	C3 (forest plantation)
Size (ha)	32.8	14.4
Elevation: (m.a.s.l)
Highest	175	150
Lowest	48	65
Mean slope (%)	32.5	27.7
Aspect	Northwestern	Southwestern
Stream order	3rd order	2nd order
Drainage density (km km^−2)	5.1	4.6
Morphology
Form factor	0.51	0.50
Circulatory ratio	0.71	0.58
Shape factor	1.94	2.01
Elongation ratio	0.81	0.80
Vegetation (main)	Koompassia malaccensis, Eugenia spp., Canarium spp.	Hopea odorata
Soil series	Kuala Berang; (Orthoxic Tropodult); Bungor (Typic Paleudult)	Kuala Berang; (Orthoxic Tropodult)
Surficial geology	Metamorphic rocks (quartzite, quartz mica schist, graphitic schist, and phyllite from Arenaceous series)

(Source: Noguchi et al., 1994 [14]).