Spatial Patterns of Ceroxylon parvifrons (Engel) H.Wendl of the Montane Forests in Southern Ecuador

Figure 4

Spatial distribution of (a) seedlings, (b) rosettes, and (c) adults of C. parvifrons. Patterns contrasted with the null Poisson cluster (PC) model using Ripley’s K function. The gray region represents simulation envelopes constructed using 399 simulations of the PC process. The solid and dotted lines indicate the observed and expected patterns, respectively.

(a)

(b)

(c)