AMMI Automatic Mangrove Map and Index: Novelty for Efficiently Monitoring Mangrove Changes with the Case Study in Musi Delta, South Sumatra, Indonesia

Figure 3

(a) RGB composite ρ_NIR-ρ_SWIR1-ρ_Red with 200 random points to assess the index. (b) A map of NDVI to decrease the spectral response of the water objects. (c) A map of slightly modified NDVI (in equation (2)) to get the forests by reducing the reflectance responses of other features. (d) RGB composite of ρ_NIR-ρ_SWIR1-ρ_Red in Landsat 8 OLI using constant 0.65 ∗ ρ_Red to avoid indefinite value in the 1 pixel towards the sea to obtain an index that is appropriate for the actual conditions. (e) Zoomed-in image of d.