Gum and Resin Production and Marketing: Implications for Pastoral Livelihood in Adadle District, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Table 3

Gum and resin marketing chain actors and their activities.

Market chain actors	Activities of each value chain actor
Producers/collectors	Tree-tapping, collecting, sorting, and packing gum and resin, bringing it to cooperative and village trade areas, and selling it for the Adadle district’s cooperatives and traders according to their preferences
Village traders	Sorting, weighing, buying, and collecting gum and resin from producers/collectors and selling for cooperative in the Adadle district and agents in Gode city
Cooperative	Buying from producers and village traders, cleaning, sorting, repacking, weighing, transporting to Gode city, and tax-paying for government and selling for agents and exporters
Agents	Buying from village traders and cooperative, cleaning, sorting, repacking, weighing, tax-paying, transporting to Jigjiga and Harar City, and selling for retailers and exporters
Daily laborers	Cleaning, sorting, repacking in the hand of agents and loading gum and resin on a truck, and making ready for transportation to the marketing area
Intermediary (but not common)	Mediating and creating agreement agents and new retailers and exporters on the price and serving value chain governance part through collecting information and situation of the market
Retailers	They were small traders and performed their business independently by buying gum and resin from agents and finally selling it to the final consumer
Exporters	International marketing of gum and resin by exporters especially from Somaliland
Consumers	Final users of product buying from retailers and exporters