Effects of Friction Plate Hardness and Surface Orientation on the Frictional Properties of Cereal Grain

Figure 2

Test stand for measuring the external friction angle of seeds: 1: computer; 2: CPU (central processing unit) converter; 3: stepper motor lifting the arm of the instrument; 4: arm; 5: base of the instrument; 6: friction plate; 7: light receiver; 8: seed; 9: light emitter; 10: LSD display; 11: switch for manually controlling the arm of the instrument; 12: status diode light (on or off); 13: main on/off switch.