Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural Residues, Their Obtaining Techniques, and the Antimicrobial Effect as Postharvest Additives

Table 1

Major bioactive compounds present in various plant residues.

Source	Residue	Bioactive compound	Reference
Fruits
Citrus	Peel	Limonene, γ-terpinene	[22]
		Polyphenols, carotenoids, limonoids	[23]
Grape	Seed	Catechin, epicatechin gallate, flavonoids	[24]
		Anthocyanins, phenolic compounds	[25]
	Peel	Phenolic compounds	[26]
		Anthocyanins	[27]
		Flavonoids	[28]
Pineapple	Husk	Phenolic compounds	[29]
Acerola	Waste	Flavonoids and anthocyanins	[30]
Papaya	Seeds	Sulforaphane and phenolic compounds	[31]
Avocado	Seeds, husk, and damaged pulp	Phenolic compounds, acetogenic, carotenoids	[32]
Strawberry and raspberry		Phenols, sugars, uronic acids, and anthocyanins	[33]
Apple	Pomace	Flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acid, dihydroxy alkaloids	[34]
	Peel	Phenolic compounds	[35]
Kiwi	Peel, seed	Gallic acid, catechin, rutin, quercetin, ferulic acid, vanillin	[36]
Orange and mango	Peel	Carotenoids, limonene, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids	[37]
Purple eggplant	Peel and pulp	Anthocyanins and phenolic compounds	[38, 39]
Jabuticaba	Peel	Anthocyanins and phenolic compounds	[40]
Pomegranate	Husk	Phenolic compounds	[41]
Passion fruit	Rinds and bagasse	Scirpusin B, piceatannol	[42]
Vegetables
Cardamom, radish, turnip	Aerial part and leaves	Phenolic compounds	[43]
Opuntia spp.		Phenols, betalain	[44]
Lettuce	Waste	Antioxidant extracts	[45]
Tobacco	Tobacco industrial waste	Alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenes, and terpenoids	[46]
Carrot	Pulp	Phenolic compounds	[35]
Tomatoes	Waste	Sterols, tocopherols, carotenes, terpenes, and polyphenols	[47]
Beet	Leaves and stems	2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenyl-ethanone, 1,1,3-trimethoxypropane	[48]
Red cabbage; Brussels sprout waste	Sprout residue	Phenolic acids, glycosylated flavonoids, acetylated flavonoids, anthocyanins	[49]