Musculoskeletal Pain Is Associated with Dietary Diversity Score among Community-Dwelling Older Adult: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

The subject’s demographic characteristics, by pain.

(a)

Variables ()		Musculoskeletal statues			value
	With pain (); Mean	SD	Without pain (); Mean	SD
Age (year)	66.75	5.74	66.20	5.76	0.31
Weight (kg)	72.98	11.63	74.67	8.71	0.22
Height (cm)	158.22	8.09	162.47	9.25	<0.0001
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	29.16	4.21	28.43	3.76	0.18
Family number	5.43	1.78	4.77	1.28	0.03
Sleep duration (hour)	6.92	1.90	7.19	1.44	0.23
Physical activity	34.90	41.08	39.63	28.26	0.27
Waist to height ratio (WHtR)	0.61	0.07	0.6	0.06	0.05
Menstruation age (y)	13.13	1.8	13	1.78	0.39
Postmenopausal (y)	47.58	5.51	47.12	5.51	0.37
Hip circumference (cm)	110.22	9.06	111.75	6.67	0.25
Waist to hip ratio (WHR)	0.88	0.07	0.85	0.07	0.10

(b)

Variable (%)	Total ()	With pain ()	Without pain ()	value
Gender
Male	49	35 (71.4)	14 (28.6)	<0.0001
Female	164	146 (89)	18 (11)
Marital statues
Married	155	129 (83.2)	26 (16.8)	0.17
Other	58	52 (89.7)	6 (10.3)
Protector
Father	48	44 (91.7)	4 (8.3)	0.09
Mother	158	130 (82.3)	28 (17.7)
Education
High school or lower	151	134 (88.7)	17 (11.3)	0.02
University	62	47 (75.8)	15 (24.2)
Spouse education
High school or lower	136	119 (87.5)	17 (12.5)	0.15
University	74	60 (81.1)	14 (18.9)
Former job
Clerk	66	54 (81.8)	12 (18.2)	0.18
Housewife	104	92 (88.5)	12 (11.5)
Other	25	20 (80)	5 (20)
Latter job
Housewife	114	103 (90.4)	11 (9.6)	0.03
Retired	78	63 (80.8)	15 (19.2)
Other	10	7 (70)	3 (30)
Disorders
Gastrointestinal	71	66 (93)	5 (7)	0.02
Diabetes	52	44 (84.6)	8 (15.4)	0.55
Cardiovascular	63	59 (93.7)	4 (6.3)	0.01
Pulmonary	118	105 (89)	13 (11)	0.05
Renal	20	18 (90)	2 (10)	0.75
Cancer	21	19 (90.5)	2 (9.5)	0.36
Skeletal	142	135 (95.1)	7 (4.9)	<0.0001
Psychological	1	1 (100)	0 (0)	0.85
Medication
Gastrointestinal	54	51 (94.4)	3 (5.6)	0.02
Diabetes	45	37 (82.2)	8 (17.8)	0.35
Cardiovascular	28	28 (100)	0 (0)	0.01
Skeletal	100	87 (87)	13 (13)	0.28
Psychological	57	56 (98.2)	1 (1.8)	<0.0001
Other	72	63 (87.5)	9 (12.5)	0.29
Supplements
Vitamin D	147	127 (86.4)	20 (13.6)	0.25
Multivitamins	80	68 (85)	12 (15)	0.58
Minerals	106	90 (84.9)	16 (15.1)	0.51
Economic stat
Very bad	9	8 (88.9)	1 (11.1)	0.17
Bad	31	28 (90.3)	3 (9.7)
Moderate	81	71 (87.7)	10 (12.3)
Good	19	17 (89.5)	2 (10.5)
Very good	72	56 (77.8)	16 (22.2)

In females. ; independent sample -test. ; test used for distribution of qualitative variables. WHtR categories: normal, ; abdominal obesity, . WHR categories: normal, ; abdominal obesity, . BMI categories: underweight, ; normal, ; .