Adrenocortical Causes of Hypertension

Table 2

Adrenocortical causes of hypertension.

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      Low renin and high aldosterone

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Primary aldosteronism

   (1) Aldosterone producing adenomas(APA)—35% of cases

   (2) Bilateral idiopathic hyperplasia(IHA)—60% of cases

   (3) Primary adrenal hyperplasia—2% of cases

   (4) Aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma—<1% of cases

   (5) Familial Hyperaldosteronism(FH)

       (i) Glucocorticoid-remediable Aldosteronism(FH type I)—<1% of cases

       (ii) FH type II(APA or IHA)—<2% of cases

  (6) Ectopic aldosterone producing adenoma or carcinoma-<0.1% of cases

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     Low renin and low aldosterone

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Hyperdeoxycorticosteronism

   (1) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

     11β-hydroxylase deficiency

     17α-hydroxylase deficiency

   (2) Deoxycorticosterone producing tumor

   (3) Primary cortisol resistance

    (4) Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency (Genetic or Acquired)

    (5) Cushing’s syndrome and Cushing’s disease

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