Determinants of the Morning-Evening Home Blood Pressure Difference in Treated Hypertensives: The HIBA-Home Study
Table 1
Characteristics of the study population.
Characteristic
Total
Number of subjects (%)
367
Women
242 (65.9)
Caucasians
365 (99.5)
Smokers
43 (11.7)
Uncontrolled hypertension
133 (36.2)
Diabetes mellitus
39 (10.6)
Previous cardiovascular disease
42 (11.4)
Previous cerebrovascular disease
24 (6.5)
Mean (±SD) characteristic
Age, y
66.2 (14.5)
Body mass index, kg/m2
28.1 (4.5)
Conventional BP, mmHg
Systolic
140.3 (17.5)
Diastolic
79.6 (10.7)
Self-recorded systolic BP, mmHg
All measurements
131.5 (14.1)
Morning
133.1 (16.5)
Evening
132.0 (15.7)
Morning-evening difference
1.1 (12.5)
Self-recorded diastolic BP, mmHg
All measurements
73.8 (7.6)
Morning
75.8 (8.4)
Evening
73.5 (8.2)
Morning-evening difference
2.3 (6.1)
Self-recorded pulse rate, beats/min
All measurements
71.3 (10.9)
Morning
69.4 (11.2)
Evening
72.0 (11.6)
Number of self-recorded BP measurements
24.7 (2.9)
Number of antihypertensive drugs
2.2 (1.0)
Serum cholesterol, mmol/L
4.89 (1.0)
Uncontrolled hypertension was a home blood pressure of at least 135 mmHg systolic or 85 mmHg diastolic. Diabetes mellitus was a self-reported diagnosis, a fasting or random blood glucose level of 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) or higher, or a use of antidiabetic drugs. Smoking was daily use of tobacco products. Previous cardiovascular disease included ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, or congestive heart failure. Previous cerebrovascular disease included transient ischemic attack or stroke.