Prevalence, Treatment, and Associated Factors of Hypertension in Spain: A Comparative Study between Populations

Table 3

Multiple logistic regression analysis of subjects’ probability of being hypertensive after adjusting for age, body mass index, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, education level, alcohol, and smoking habits.

	Men		Women
	OR (95 % CI)	p	OR (95 % CI)	p
Living area
Urban area	1		1
Rural area	0.905 (0.614 – 1.334)	0.614	1.017 (0.703 – 1.472)	0.927
Age categories (years)
31 – 45	1		1
46 - 60	1.863 (1.212 – 2.862)	0.005	1.679 (1.078 – 2.616)	0.022
61 - 77	2.717 (1.473 – 5.010)	0.001	1.635 (0.895 – 2.986)	0.110
BMI (kg/m2)
< 30	1		1
≥ 30	1.943 (1.281 – 2.949)	0.002	3.219 (2.228 – 4.650)	< 0.001
Diabetes Mellitus
No	1		1
Prediabetes	1.041 (0.685 – 1.582)	0.852	1.823 (1.228 – 2.706)	0.003
Diabetes	0.799 (0.400 – 1.598)	< 0.001	1.040 (0.529 – 2.043)	0.910
Cardiovascular disease
No	1		1
Yes	2.129 (0.978 – 4.638)	0.057	4.029 (1.369 – 11.862)	0.008
Hypercholesterolemia
No	1		1
Yes	1.670 (1.148 – 2.525)	0.008	1.651 (1.151 – 2.369)	0.007
Education level
None	1		1
Primary	1.084 (0.311 – 3.780)	0.863	1.076 (0.555 – 2.085)	0.828
Secondary	0.984 (0.601 – 1.611)	0.950	0.486 (0.310 – 0.761)	0.002
Tertiary	0.798 (0.419 – 1.519)	0.550	0.802 (0.428 – 1.505)	0.493
Alcohol intake
No	1		1
Occasionally	0.881 (0.491 – 1.579)	0.669	0.855 (0.555 – 1.315)	0.475
Low-Moderate	0.840 (0.486 – 1.453)	0.533	0.982 (0.595 – 1.622)	0.945
Heavy	1.143 (0.661 – 1.976)	0.631	0.836 (0.193 – 3.627)	0.810
Smoking habit
Yes	1		1
No	0.795 (0.471– 1.342)	0.391	3.703 (1.866 – 7.349)	< 0.001
Former	0.961 (0.632 – 1.464)	0.857	2.126 (0.929 – 4.868)	0.074

Statistically significant values (p< 0.05) are highlighted in bold letters.