C-Reactive Protein Levels in relation to Incidence of Hypertension in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Analyses from the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Table 1
Characteristics of the participants from the 2009 CHNS according to the hs-CRP classification.
Variable
0 ≤ hs-CRP < 1
1 ≤ hs-CRP < 3
3 ≤ hs-CRP < 10
No. of participants
1135
2015
644
Han nationality, n (%)
1000 (88.11)
1750 (86.85)
567 (88.04)
0.78
Countryside, n (%)
816 (71.89)
1420 (70.47)
456 (70.81)
0.54
Male, n (%)
463 (40.90)
958 (47.69)
275 (42.90)
0.11
Age (years)
43.74 ± 12.46
48.61 ± 12.69
50.51 ± 13.82
<0.01
Sleep duration, n (%)
≤6h
91 (8.02)
229 (11.36)
71 (11.02)
0.39
6<h ≤ 8
791 (69.69)
1354 (67.20)
418 (67.90)
>8 h
253 (22.29)
432 (21.44)
155 (24.07)
BMI (kg/m2), n (%)
<18.5
142 (12.51)
141 (7.00)
58 (9.01)
<0.01
18.5 ≤ BMI <24
766 (67.49)
1110 (55.09)
295 (45.81)
≥24
227 (20.00)
764 (37.92)
291 (45.19)
WC (cm)
77.61 ± 8.78
82.19 ± 9.40
84.36 ± 10.35
<0.01
Educational level, n (%)
Primary school or below
393 (34.75)
844 (42.05)
281 (43.84)
<0.01
Middle school
607 (53.67)
936 (46.64)
303 (47.70)
Technical or vocational degree
80 (7.07)
127 (6.33)
39 (6.08)
College and above
51 (4.51)
100 (4.98)
18 (2.81)
Glucose (mg/dL)
90.39 ± 13.84
95.16 ± 23.21
99.04 ± 28.07
<0.01
TG (mg/dL)
110.17 ± 87.92
147.63 ± 133.52
169.39 ± 143.62
<0.01
TC (mg/dL)
176.26 ± 33.98
187.57 ± 36.44
195.05 ± 39.52
<0.01
HDL-C (mg/dL)
59.14 ± 17.39
55.51 ± 16.87
53.49 ± 19.83
<0.01
LDL-C (mg/dL)
106.07 ± 31.29
114.91 ± 35.48
119.22 ± 37.58
<0.01
Total energy intake (kcal/day)
2133.42 (1754.86–2580.63)
2135.38 (1722.36–2590.18)
2042.47 (1722.58–2395.13)
<0.01
Smoking status, n (%)
300 (26.48)
666 (33.12)
194 (30.27)
0.02
Alcohol consumption, n (%)
359 (31.69)
701 (34.86)
207 (32.29)
0.52
Physical activity (MET-h/week)
140.00 (80.00–248.00)
142.13 (80.00–245.00)
146.00 (80.00–245.00)
0.74
Systolic BP (mm Hg)
114.01 ± 11.61
116.99 ± 10.99
117.98 ± 10.71
<0.01
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)
74.37 ± 7.92
76.42 ± 7.32
76.45 ± 7.15
<0.01
HOMA-IR
1.94 (1.36–2.86)
2.25 (1.55–3.35)
2.53 (1.75–3.96)
<0.01
Descriptive analyses of continuous variables were analyzed by means ± standard deviations (SD) or medians (interquartile range) were estimated, and categorical variables were described by number (percentage). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal–Wallis test was used for continuous variables, and chi-square test was used for categorical variables. CHNS: China Health and Nutrition Survey; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; BP: blood pressure; TG: total triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MET: metabolic equivalent; HOMA-IR: the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
