Positive Association between Hemoglobin Concentration and Blood Pressure in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Rafsanjan Cohort Study

Table 3

Cross-sectional association between hemoglobin concentrations and HTN at baseline.

Baseline hemoglobin concentration (g/dL)	No. of people	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for rising BP
		Model 1	Model 2^†	Model 3^‡	Model 4^#
Men
<14.3	977	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
14.3–14.9	1013	0.850 (0.669–1.080)	1.006 (0.777–1.303)	1.063 (0.817–1.383)	1.096 (0.837–1.434)
15.0–15.5	979	0.777 (0.608–0.993)	0.926 (0.710–1.208)	1.004 (0.766–1.316)	1.072 (0.813–1.413)
≥15.6	1427	0.691 (0.550–0.868)	0.801 (0.625–1.026)	0.869 (0.674–1.120)	0.939 (0.725–1.217)
Continuous (per 1 g/dL)	4396	0.895 (0.833–0.963)	0.921 (0.852–0.995)	0.946 (0.874–1.024)	0.971 (0.895–1.053)
Women
<12.6	1175	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
12.6–13.0	964	0.988 (0.811–1.205)	0.897 (0.716–1.124)	0.901 (0.715–1.135)	0.904 (0.714–1.146)
13.1–13.6	1306	1.176 (0.982–1.407)	0.912 (0.742–1.120)	0.935 (0.757–1.155)	0.961 (0.775–1.192)
≥13.7	1557	1.665 (1.407–1.971)	1.152 (0.949–1.398)	1.229 (1.006–1.501)	1.302 (1.061–1.596)
Continuous (per 1 g/dL)	5002	1.311 (1.227–1.400)	1.116 (1.035–1.203)	1.151 (1.064–1.244)	1.185 (1.094–1.283)
Total^₤
Q1	2573	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Q2	2322	1.077 (0.946–1.226)	0.974 (0.841–1.128)	1.013 (0.872–1.177)	1.045 (0.897–1.217)
Q3	2309	0.870 (0.761–0.994)	1.202 (1.017–1.421)	1.289 (1.086–1.529)	1.363 (1.145–1.623)
Q4	2194	0.546 (0.471–0.633)	1.134 (0.922–1.394)	1.225 (0.990–1.515)	1.357 (1.093–1.685)
Continuous (per 1 g/dL)	9398	0.864 (0.834–0.896)	1.040 (0.986–1.096)	1.062 (1.005–1.121)	1.090 (1.031–1.153)

HTN: hypertension. Model 1: unadjusted. ^†Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, body mass index. ^‡Model 3: adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, MET, BUN, and FBS. ^#Model 4: adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, MET, BUN, FBS, history of diabetes, and CVD. ^₤Quartiles of baseline hemoglobin concentration.