Effect of Yogurt Intake Frequency on Blood Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 2
Cross-sectional associations between yogurt and blood pressure in a sample of the total sample (n = 3 068), persons (n = 1 246) with hypertension, and persons (n = 1 822) with normal blood pressure.
Variable
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
β 95% CI
value
β 95% CI
value
β 95% CI
value
Total sample
SBP
Yogurt intake frequency (high vs low)
−4.65 (−6.15∼−3.15)
<0.001
−1.59 (−2.85∼−0.32)
0.014
−1.46 (−2.72∼−0.2)
0.023
DBP
−1.98 (−2.85∼−1.11)
<0.001
−1.7 (−2.56∼−0.83)
<0.001
−1.59 (−2.45∼−0.73)
<0.001
MAP
−3.53 (−4.69∼−2.37)
<0.001
−2.22 (−3.33∼−1.12)
<0.001
−2.08 (−3.17∼−0.99)
<0.001
Pulse pressure
−2.67 (−4.08∼−1.26)
<0.001
0.11 (−1.11∼1.33)
0.860
0.13 (−1.09∼1.36)
0.833
Hypertension
SBP
−1.25 (−3.79∼1.29)
0.334
−0.33 (−2.7∼2.04)
0.783
−0.6 (−2.97∼1.77)
0.619
DBP
−0.38 (−1.93∼1.17)
0.633
−0.81 (−2.3∼0.69)
0.289
−0.93 (−2.42∼0.55)
0.218
MAP
−0.8 (−2.74∼1.15)
0.423
−0.92 (−2.87∼1.03)
0.356
−1.13 (−3.07∼0.8)
0.252
Pulse pressure
−0.87 (−3.49∼1.75)
0.514
0.48 (−1.77∼2.72)
0.678
0.33 (−1.91∼2.58)
0.772
Nonhypertension
SBP
−2.01 (−3.05∼−0.97)
<0.001
−1.42 (−2.41∼−0.42)
0.005
−1.2 (−2.18∼−0.23)
0.016
DBP
−1.73 (−2.68∼−0.78)
<0.001
−1.58 (−2.52∼−0.65)
0.001
−1.45 (−2.38∼−0.52)
0.002
MAP
−2.4 (−3.53∼−1.28)
<0.001
−2.06 (−3.14∼−0.97)
<0.001
−1.85 (−2.93∼−0.78)
0.001
Pulse pressure
−0.28 (−1.4∼0.84)
0.625
0.17 (−0.96∼1.29)
0.770
0.25 (−0.87∼1.38)
0.661
Model 1, no covariates were included; model 2, model 1 + age, marriage, and income; model 3, model 2 + diabetes, BMI, HDL-C, and TG.
