Differentially Expressed Genes Analysis in the Human Small Airway Epithelium of Healthy Smokers Shows Potential Risks of Disease Caused by Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and the Potentiality of Astaxanthin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent

Table 2

Relationship between smoking-associated genes with biologically and toxicologically active compounds in ETS. Biologically and toxicologically active compounds data obtained from CTD [16].

Gene symbol	Chemical name	Organism	Interaction actions
ARG1	Hydroquinone	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
BAX	Cobalt, hydroquinone, acrylonitrile, acrolein, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzo(a)pyrene, chromium, nickel, arsenic, cadmium	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
BECN1	4-cresol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone, benzo(a)pyrene	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
CSF2	Benzene, benzo(a)pyrene	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
CTSS	Nickel	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
CYBB	Nickel, acetaldehyde	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
GPX3	Selenium	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
HDAC2	Nicotine, hydroquinone, benzo(a)pyrene	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
IL1B	Cobalt, phenol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, Benzo(a)pyrene, styrene, lead, nickel, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, selenium	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
ND6	Formaldehyde	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
PRDX1	Hydroquinone, benzo(a)pyrene, arsenic, cadmium	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
SOD1	Hydroquinone, Benzo(a)pyrene, arsenic, cadmium, chromium	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
SPP1	Acetaldehyde, benzo(a)pyrene, nickel, mercury, cadmium	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
TKT	Hydroquinone, arsenic, selenium	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
UBB	Cadmium	Homo sapiens	Increases^expression
ARG1	Benzo(a)pyrene	Homo sapiens	Decreases^expression