Uniformity-Comprehensive Multiobjective Optimization Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Machine Learning

Figure 3

Comparison of Pareto frontier distributions among algorithms under the ZDT1 problem: CCGDE3 (a), GDE3 (b), IBEA (c), MOEA/D (d), MOEA/D-DE (e), NSGAIII (f), and MOEA-UCML (g).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)