Studies of the Suitability of Fowlpox as a Decontamination and Thermal Stability Simulant for Variola Major

Table 3

Reaction orders, rates, and virus half-life for vaccinia and fowlpox virus following treatment with low concentrations of four chemicals.

Chemical	Reaction order for vaccinia virus	Reaction order for fowlpox virus	𝑘 for vaccinia virus*	𝑘 for fowlpox virus*	𝑡1/2 for vaccinia virus (s)	𝑡1/2 for fowlpox virus (s)
0.05% iodine/0.3% polyethyleneglycol nonylphenyl ether	Second	Second	1.63×10^−6	2.43×10^−9	1.04×10^−4	25.40
0.1% iodine/5.7% polyethyleneglycol nonylphenyl ether	First	First	0.128	0.0976	5.4	7.07
0.025% sodium hypochlorite	First	First	0.125	0.082	5.52	8.41
0.05% sodium hypochlorite	First	First	0.125	0.0841	5.53	8.2
0.1% cetyltrimethylammonium chloride/0.05% benzalkonium chloride	First	First	0.118	0.0922	5.84	7.48
40% ethanol	First	Second	0.0168	1.90×10^−8	41.06	1.97

*The units of 𝑘 for first-order reactions are 1/s. The units of 𝑘 for second-order reactions are 1/(M*s).