Relationship of Sanitation Parameters with Microbial Diversity and Load in Raw Meat from the Outlets of the Metropolitan City Biratnagar, Nepal

Table 7

The chi-square test of different microbial isolates of chicken against several sanitation parameters.

S. No.	Isolates	Outlets tiled/cemented		Slaughterhouse wash		Apron wash		Chop box Wash		Showcase		Water supply area		Drainage		Meat sanitation
		χ^2		χ^2		χ^2		χ^2		χ^2		χ^2		χ^2		χ^2
1	Pseudomonas spp.	4.912	0.027		0.607^b	0.807	0.369		0.698^b	8.021	0.005	6.320	0.012	0.067	0.796	8.12	0.004
2	E. coli	8.64	0.003		0.278^b		0.477		0.686	3.259	0.071	12.61	≤0.001	1.778	0.182	8.64	0.003
3	Staphylococcus aureus	0.1	0.752		0.331^b	0.807	0.369		1^b	8.386	0.004	0.474	0.491	2.824	0.093	2.506	0.113
4	Staphylococcus epidermidis	1.667	0.197		0.638^b		1^a		0.69^b	4.310	0.038	6.155	0.013	0.069	0.792	≤0.001	1
5	Salmonella spp.	8.286	0.004		0.624^b	0.005	0.944		0.25^b	2.283	0.131	1.319	0.251	2.063	0.151	0.921	0.337
6	Vibrio spp.		0.487^b		0.008^c		0.515^b		0.364^b		1^b		0.174^b		1^b		1^b
7	Mucor		0.003^b		1^b		0.677		0.173		0.110		0.053^b		1^b		0.235^b
8	Penicillium spp.	8.533	0.008		1^b		0.231		1^a		0.464		1^a		0.556	0.0	1
9	Aspergillus spp.		0.487^b		1^c		0.085^b		1^b		0.492^b		0.174^b		0.154^b		0.487^b
10	Sporotrichum spp.		0.231^b		1^c		0.022^b		1^b		0.083^b		0.069^b		1^b		0.231^b
11	Alternaria spp.		0.487^b		1^c		0.085^b		1^b		0.492^b		0.499^b		0.508^b		0.487^b
12	Candida spp.	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
13	Trichosporon spp.		1^b		0.013^b		0.410^b		1^a		1^b		0.432^b		0.681^b		1^b

χ² value denotes the Pearson chi-square value with degree of freedom (df) = 1. ^a25%, ^b50%, and ^c75% of cells have expected count less than 5, respectively. ^∗Tested by Fisher’s exact test with the level of significance at .