Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter Species in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Antibiotic resistance profiles of C. coli.

Year	City	Strains (n)	Origin	AST	Antibiotic resistance (n)
					AMP	AMX	CST	NFX	SPT	NEO	STR	CHL	TET	TMP-SMX	CTX	ERY	CIP	IPM	GEN	MEM	CEF	NAL	CAZ	LEX
2007-2008	Ahvaz	21	Animal	Disk diffusion	4	0	ND	3	ND	ND	1	0	14	ND	ND	0	4	ND	0	ND	ND	11	ND	ND
2007-2008	Ahvaz	5	Human	Disk diffusion E-test	5	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	3	ND	3	4	1	ND	1	ND	5	2	4	ND
2009-2010	Ahvaz-Shahrekord	7	Animal	Disk diffusion	0	1	ND	0	ND	ND	1	0	3	ND	ND	1	3	ND	0	ND	ND	1	ND	ND
2016	Hamadan	19	Animal	Disk diffusion	10	8	12	ND	ND	ND	4	1	5	13	ND	2	7	ND	0	ND	12	1	ND	ND
2013-2014	Hamadan	3	Human	Disk diffusion	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	0	2	ND	ND	3	2	ND	1	2	ND	1	ND	ND
2014-2015	Isfahan	6	Animal	Disk diffusion	0	0	ND	0	ND	ND	0	0	3	ND	ND	0	0	ND	0	ND	ND	2	ND	ND
2006–2008	Isfahan	4	Animal	Disk diffusion	0	1	ND	2	ND	ND	0	0	2	ND	ND	0	1	ND	0	ND	ND	1	ND	ND
2011-2012	Isfahan-Shahrekord	3	Animal	Disk diffusion	0	0	ND	1	ND	ND	0	0	1	ND	ND	1	1	ND	0	ND	ND	1	ND	ND
2008-2009	Isfahan-Yazd	8	Animal	Disk diffusion	0	0	ND	1	ND	ND	0	0	6	ND	ND	0	2	ND	0	ND	ND	2	ND	ND
2015-2016	Kurdistan	8	Animal	Disk diffusion agar dilution	5	6	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	7	ND	ND	0	6	ND	0	0	ND	ND	ND	ND
2013	Mashhad	27	Animal	Disk diffusion	3	6	ND	4	ND	5	ND	3	17	ND	ND	9	12	ND	1	ND	ND	13	ND	ND
2012	Mashhad	27	Animal	Disk diffusion	2	1	9	7	1	0	2	1	13	ND	ND	0	15	ND	0	ND	ND	18	ND	ND
2014-2015	Mazandaran-Golestan	41	Animal	Disk diffusion	17	15	ND	16	ND	ND	15	ND	36	ND	ND	2	36	ND	2	ND	ND	32	ND	ND
2010	Rafsanjan	12	Animal	Disk diffusion	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	12	ND	0	0	ND	12	ND	ND	0	ND	ND
2014	Shahrekord	13	Animal	Disk diffusion	0	3	ND	4	ND	ND	0	0	7	ND	ND	0	5	ND	0	ND	ND	4	ND	ND
2009-2010	Shahrekord	15	Animal	Disk diffusion	2	0	ND	2	ND	ND	1	0	7	ND	ND	0	4	ND	0	ND	ND	5	ND	ND
ND	Shahrekord	4	Animal	Disk diffusion	0	0	ND	1	ND	ND	0	0	2	ND	ND	0	0	ND	0	ND	ND	2	ND	ND
2011–2013	Shiraz	17	Animal	Disk diffusion	5	ND	0	3	ND	0	ND	1	2	ND	4	5	14	ND	1	ND	10	8	ND	ND
ND	Shiraz	10	Animal	Disk diffusion E-test	1	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	2	1	1	6	1	0	ND	1	ND	ND	ND	ND	4
ND	Shiraz	10	Animal	Disk diffusion E-test	1	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	2	1	ND	6	1	0	ND	1	ND	ND	ND	ND	4
2011-2012	Tehran	28	Animal	Disk diffusion	1	5	4	ND	2	2	1	1	6	ND	ND	1	13	ND	1	ND	ND	24	ND	ND
2012	Tehran	39	Animal	Disk diffusion	32	30	ND	ND	ND	ND	35	27	38	31	ND	33	34	ND	0	ND	ND	36	ND	ND
2010	Tehran	33	Animal	Disk diffusion	25	ND	ND	ND	ND	0	ND	ND	31	ND	ND	ND	10	ND	ND	ND	ND	0	ND	ND
2008–2010	Tehran	23	Animal	Disk diffusion	1	3	8	ND	ND	1	1	0	15	ND	ND	1	15	ND	0	ND	ND	18	ND	ND
2008-2009	Tehran	12	Human	Disk diffusion	2	ND	2	ND	ND	1	1	1	3	ND	6	1	6	0	0	ND	ND	6	5	ND
2006-2007	Tehran	22	Animal	Disk diffusion	0	3	2	ND	1	1	0	0	4	ND	ND	0	9	ND	0	ND	ND	18	ND	ND
2004-2005	Tehran	5	Human	Disk diffusion	1	ND	0	ND	ND	0	0	0	0	ND	2	0	4	0	0	ND	5	5	4	5
ND	Tonekabon	8	Animal	Disk diffusion E-test	8	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	2	1	ND	7	2	0	ND	1	ND	ND	ND	ND	8
ND	Tonekabon	9	Animal	Disk diffusion	9	9	ND	ND	ND	ND	1	2	1	ND	ND	1	0	ND	0	ND	ND	ND	ND	9

Abbreviations: AMP: ampicillin; AMX: amoxicillin; CST: colistin; NFX: enrofloxacin; SPT: spectinomycin; NEO: neomycin; STR: streptomycin; CHL: chloramphenicol; TET: tetracycline; TMP/SMX: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; CTX: cefotaxime; ERY: erythromycin; CIP: ciprofloxacin; IPM: imipenem; GEN: gentamicin; MEM: meropenem; CEF: cephalothin; NAL: nalidixic acid; CAZ: ceftazidime; LEX: cephalexin; AST: antimicrobial susceptibility testing; ND: not determined.