Research Article
Bacterial Etiology of Bloodstream Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Malé, Maldives
Table 7
Antimicrobial resistance of Gram-positive isolates among paediatric and adult patients over the two years.
| | Antimicrobial agents | Streptococcus spp. | value | Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) | value | Staphylococcus aureus | value | Enterococcus spp. | value | | Resistance (%) | Resistance (%) | Resistance (%) | Resistance (%) | | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | | Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult | Paediatric | Adult |
| | Ampicillin | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 36 (73) | 57 (72) | 21 (62) | 64 (77) | ≤0.001 | 3 (100) | 29 (85) | 6 (100) | 13 (76) | ≤0.001 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 0(0) | — | | Piperacillin/tazobactam | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | — | — | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | — | — | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 0(0) | — | | Cloxacillin | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 0 (0) | — | 6 (16) | 8 (15) | 1 (7) | 3 (11) | 0.535 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | — | — | — | - | — | | Cephalexin | 0 (0) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) | — | 9 (19) | 30 (40) | 8 (25) | 28 (37) | ≤0.001 | 1 (33) | 12 (39) | 1 (17) | 7 (47) | ≤0.001 | 1 (100) | 1 (50) | — | 2(67) | 0.073 | | Cefuroxime | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | — | — | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | — | — | — | — | 1 (50) | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Cefotaxime | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 9 (20) | 25 (42) | 8 (25) | 24 (32) | ≤0.001 | 1 (50) | 9 (29) | 1 (17) | 4 (29) | 0.363 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | — | — | — | | Ceftazidime | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 (100) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Ceftriaxone | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 1 (50) | 3 (42) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 0.835 | — | 1 (100) | — | 1 (100) | - | - | 0 (0) | - | - | - | | Cefepime | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Vancomycin | — | — | — | — | — | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | — | 0 (0) | — | 0(0) | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Gentamicin | 4 (57) | 3 (75) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | ≤0.001 | 9 (21) | 23 (36) | 8 (35) | 12 (26) | 0.008 | 0 (0) | 4 (15) | 0 (0) | 1(11) | - | 1(100) | 1(50) | - | 2(67) | 0.073 | | Tobramycin | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Amikacin | — | 1 (100) | — | — | — | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | — | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0(0) | — | — | — | — | 1(100) | — | | Netilmicin | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0 (0) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Ciprofloxacin | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | 2 (40) | 1 (25) | — | 9 (21) | 25 (38) | 7 (23) | 20 (27) | — | 1 (33) | 10 (37) | 0 (0) | 6(40) | 0.005 | 1(100) | 1(50) | — | 2(67) | 0.073 | | Cotrimoxazole | 3 (50) | 2 (40) | 1 (50) | 3 (75) | 0.295 | 10 (22) | 22 (30) | 4 (13) | 12 (18) | ≤0.001 | 0 (0) | 3 (10) | 0 (0) | 1(7) | — | 1(100) | 1(50) | — | 1(100) | 0.667 |
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Note: p values in bold indicate significant effects.
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