Agricultural Detection of Norovirus and Hepatitis A Using Fecal Indicators: A Systematic Review

Table 3

Types of pathogen/indicator analyzed by study^a.

Pathogen	Indicator (n)^b	Kappa coefficient^c (95% CI)
Norovirus^d	Adenovirus (16)	0.09 (−0.05, 0.23)
	E. coli (14)	0.04 (−0.05, 0.49)
	F. coliphage (2)	0.07 (−0.07, 0.21)
	Legionella (4)	0.19 (−0.24, 0.52)
	Total coliforms (4)	0.03 (−0.01, 0.02)
	JC Polyomavirus (6)	0.39 (0.04, 0.74)
Hepatitis A	Adenovirus (3)	−0.03 (−0.06, 0.01)
	E. coli (3)	0.49 (0.28, 0.70)
	Fecal coliforms (1)	0 (0,0)
	Total coliforms (2)	0.47 (0.47, 0.47)

^aExcludes León-Félix et. al and López-Gálvez et. al studies. ^bNumber of analyses that included both the pathogen and indicator of interest. ^cKappa coefficients were calculated and then weighted by sample size for the summary estimate. ^dAll genotypes of norovirus were grouped for this analysis.