Detection of blaOXA-145, blaOXA-224, blaOXA-539, and blaOXA-675 Genes and Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Class D β-Lactamases (CHDLs) in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Collected from West of Iran, Hamadan

Table 2

Carbapenemase-producing and biofilm-forming capacity of P. aeruginosa, and percentages of their OXA genes related to antibiotics resistance pattern.

Biofilm	Carbapenemase-producing strains				Antibiotic-resistant patterns
	KPC		MBL		PIP (n = 19)	GEN (n = 82)	AMK (n = 33)	CIP (n = 89)	CAZ (n = 22)	CTX (n = 55)	IMI (n = 49)	MER (n = 44)	ERT (n = 47)	FOX (n = 100)	CFX (n = 20)	CPE (n = 24)	MDR (n = 45)	XDR (n = 21)	PDR (n = 10)
	POS (n = 52)	NEG (n = 57)	POS (n = 41)	NEG (n = 68)
Strong biofilm forming (n = 17, 15.5%)	17 (32.6%)	0 (0%)	17 (41.4%)	1 (1.4%)	12 (63.1%)	17 (20.7%)	17 (51.1%)	17 (19.1%)	10 (45.4%)	10 (18.1%)	17 (34.6%)	17 (38.6%)	17 (36.1%)	17 (17%)	10 (50%)	17 (70.8%)	17 (37.7%)	17 (80.9%)	10 (100%)
Moderate biofilm forming (n = 41, 37.6%)	35 (67.3%)	6 (10.5%)	24 (58.5%)	16 (23.5%)	7 (36.8%)	41 (50%)	16 (48.4%)	41 (46.0%)	12 (54.5%)	41 (74.5%)	32 (65.3%)	27 (61.3%)	30 (63.8%)	41 (41%)	10 (50%)	8 (33.3%)	26 (57.7%)	4 (19.0%)	0 (0%)
Weak biofilm forming (n = 11, 10.1%)	0 (0%)	11 (19.2%)	0 (0%)	11 (16.1%)	0 (0%)	11 (13.4%)	0 (0%)	11 (12.3%)	0 (0%)	4 (7.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	11 (11%)	20 (0%)	1 (4.1%)	2 (4.4%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Nonbiofilm forming (n = 40, 36.6%)	0 (0%)	40 (70.1%)	0 (0%)	40 (58.8%)	0 (0%)	19 (23.1%)	0 (0%)	26 (29.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	37 (37%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Clinical isolates
Urine (n = 35, 32.1%)	18 (34.6%)	17 (29.8%)	10 (24.3%)	25 (36.7%)	2 (10.5%)	24 (29.2%)	10 (30.3%)	30 (33.7%)	9 (40.9%)	15 (27.7%)	17 (34.6%)	15 (34.9%)	17 (34.6%)	30 (30%)	5 (25%)	7 (29.1%)	13 (28.8%)	4 (19.1%)	2 (20%)
Blood (n = 29, 26.6%)	15 (28.8%)	14 (24.5%)	20 (48.7%)	9 (13.2%)	7 (36.8%)	22 (26.8%)	5 (15.3%)	27 (30.3%)	5 (22.7%)	15 (27.7%)	13 (26.6%)	14 (31.8%)	11 (23.4%)	28 (28%)	5 (25%)	5 (20.8%)	15 (33.3%)	9 (42.2%)	4 (40%)
Wound (n = 19, 17.4%)	19 (36.5%)	0 (0%)	11 (26.8%)	4 (5.8%)	8 (42.1%)	19 (23.1%)	10 (30.3%)	19 (21.3%)	7 (31.8%)	19 (34.5%)	10 (20.4%)	10 (22.7%)	10 (20.4%)	19 (19%)	10 (50%)	10 (41.6%)	12 (26.6%)	7 (33.3%)	4 (40%)
Sputum (n = 15, 13.7%)	0 (0%)	15 (26.3%)	0 (0%)	15 (22%)	0 (0%)	10 (12.1%)	5 (15.3%)	9 (10.1%)	0 (0%)	10 (18.1%)	9 (18.3%)	5 (11.3%)	9 (18.3%)	14 (14%)	0 (0%)	2 (8.3%)	4 (8.8%)	1 (4.7%)	0 (0%)
Body fluids (n = 11, 10.1%)	0 (0%)	11 (31.9%)	0 (0%)	11 (16.1%)	2 (10.5%)	7 (8.5%)	3 (2.1%)	2 (2.2%)	1 (4.5%)	1 (1.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	9 (9%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Hospital sections
Burn unit (n = 15, 13.7%)	12 (23.0%)	3 (5.2%)	9 (21.9%)	4 (6.2%)	3 (15.7%)	10 (12.1%)	9 (27.2%)	15 (16.8%)	3 (13.6%)	13 (23.6%)	10 (20.4%)	9 (20.4%)	10 (21.2%)	15 (15%)	2 (10%)	4 (16.6%)	10 (22.2%)	3 (14.2%)	3 (30%)
Emergency (n = 11, 10%)	7 (13.4%)	4 (7.1%)	5 (12.1%)	6 (9.3%)	0 (0%)	7 (8.2%)	3 (9.0%)	9 (10.1%)	0 (0%)	2 (3.6%)	2 (4.1%)	2 (4.5%)	2 (4.2%)	11 (11%)	1 (5%)	1 (4.1%)	2 (4.4%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Internal unit (n = 19, 17.4%)	11 (21.1%)	7 (12.2%)	8 (19.5%)	11 (17.1%)	4 (21.0%)	11 (12.9%)	7 (21.1%)	15 (16.8%)	5 (22.7%)	9 (16.3%)	9 (18.3%)	9 (20.4%)	9 (19.1%)	19 (19%)	9 (45%)	11 (45.8%)	8 (17.7%)	4 (19.0%)	4 (40%)
Pediatrics (n = 9, 8.2%)	4 (7.6%)	5 (8.7%)	3 (7.3%)	5 (7.8%)	0 (0%)	9 (10.5%)	2 (6.6%)	2 (2.2%)	0 (0%)	1 (1.8%)	1 (2.0%)	1 (2.2%)	1 (2.1%)	2 (2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (2.2%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
ICU (n = 20, 18.3%)	7 (13.4%)	13 (22.8%)	10 (24.3%)	10 (15.6%)	5 (26.3%)	20 (23.5%)	9 (27.2%)	18 (20.2%)	6 (27.2%)	11 (20.0%)	13 (26.5%)	12 (27.2%)	11 (23.4%)	20 (20%)	6 (30%)	6 (25%)	11 (24.4%)	6 (25%)	2 (20%)
Surgery unit (n = 13, 11.9%)	10 (19.2%)	3 (5.2%)	5 (12.1%)	8 (12.5%)	7 (36.8%)	13 (15.2%)	3 (9.9%)	10 (11.2%)	9 (40.9%)	13 (23.6%)	10 (20.4%)	7 (15.9%)	10 (21.2%)	11 (11%)	2 (10%)	2 (8.3%)	9 20.0%)	9 (42.8%)	1 (10%)
Nephrology (n = 22, 20.8%)	1 (1.9%)	21 (36.8%)	1 (2.4%)	21 (32.8%)	0 (0%)	12 (14.1%)	0 (0.0%)	20 (22.4%)	0 (0%)	5 (90%)	4 (18.1%)	4 (9.1%)	4 (8.5%)	22 (22%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	4 (8.8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
OXA genes
OXA-145 (n = 20, 18.3%)	17 (32.6%)	3 (5.2%)	20 (48.7%)	0 (0%)	4 (21.0%)	20 (24.3%)	9 (27.1%)	20 (22.4%)	19 (83.6%)	20 (36.6%)	20 (40.8%)	20 (45.4%)	20 (42.5%)	20 (20%)	17 (85%)	13 (54.1%)	20 (44.4%)	21 (100%)	10 (100%)
OXA-224 (n = 24, 22.0%)	20 (38.4%)	4 (7.0%)	23 (56.0%)	1 (1.5%)	3 (15.7%)	24 (29.2%)	10 (30.3%)	24 (26.9%)	22 (100%)	24 (43.6%)	24 (48.9%)	24 (54.5%)	24 (51.0%)	24 (24%)	20 (100%)	24 (100%)	24 (43.3%)	21 (100%)	10 (100%)
OXA-539 (n = 41, 40.3%)	41 (78.8%)	0 (0%)	41 (100%)	0 (31.9%)	11 (57.8%)	41 (50%)	13 (39.3%)	41 (46.0%)	22 (100%)	41 (74.5%)	41 (83.6%)	41 (93.1%)	41 (87.2%)	41 (41%)	20 (100%)	24 (100%)	41 (91.1%)	21 (100%)	10 (100%)
OXA-675 (n = 11, 10.0%)	9 (17.3%)	2 (3.5%)	11 (26.8%)	0 (0%)	1 (5.2%)	11 (21.1%)	1 (3.0%)	11 (12.3%)	10 (47.6%)	11 (20%)	11 (22.4%)	11 (25%)	11 (23.4%)	11 (11%)	6 (30%)	2 (8.3%)	11 (24.4%)	10 (47.6%)	10 (100%)

PIP: piperacillin; GEN: gentamycin; AMK: amikacin; CIP: ciprofloxacin; CAZ: ceftazidime; CTX: ceftriaxone; IMI: imipenem; MER: meropenem; ERT: ertapenem; FOX: cefoxitin; CFX: cefazolin; CPE: cefepime; MDR: multiple drug resistance; XDR: extensively drug-resistant; PDR: pan drug-resistant; ICU: intensive care unit.