Antibacterial Efficacy and Healing Potential of Honey from Different Zones in Nigeria on Diabetic-Induced Wound Infection in Wistar Rats

Table 3

Physiochemical parameters of honey samples.

Parameters	Legal standards (codex, 2001)	HBP	HBP + M	TUB	OBD	DCH	KAD	KL	HBP + G	JS	NSK	ITEMS
pH	3–5	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.5	4.6	4.4	4.3	3.9	4.1
Moisture (%)	≤21 g/100 g	16.76	19.43	21.05	15.04	12.16	16.05	17.82	27.43	18.17	17.48	17.01
Ash (%)	≤0.6 g/100	0.13	0.15	0.3	0.04	0.18	0.04	0.26	0.19	0.22	0.07	0.15
Fibre		ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND
Crude protein (%)		1.72	0.45	0.44	0.34	1.27	0.59	0.7	0.97	0.41	0.58	1.14
Lipid (%)		1.23	2.21	2.01	2.8	2.2	2.84	0.2	1.03	1.26	2.08	2.23
TSS or degree Brix	≥65 g/100 g	81	72	76.5	78	83.4	78.6	79.8	75	79.2	78.6	78.6
Fructose (%)	No fixed limit	31.19	29.82	37.39	30.27	35.85	32.69	34.98	30.73	32.91	38.67	25.69
Glucose (%)	No fixed limit	32.03	35.95	25.41	30.75	30.14	32.21	26.82	30.66	30.33	25.41	39.1
Fructose + glucose (%)	>60	63.22	65.77	62.8	61.02	65.99	64.9	61.8	61.39	63.24	64.08	64.79
Sucrose (%)	≤5 g/100 g	1.78	1.82	2.13	1.79	1.85	2.12	1.78	1.73	1.94	1.79	1.9
Bioactive compounds
Tannin (%)		6.88	4.86	4.02	1.5	3.54	2.35	3.35	6.68	1.79	1.55	2.1
Phenol
(mg/100 g)		156.7	218.2	181.0	156.3	225.2	263.1	235.4	225.0	192.7	206.0	237.7
Flavonoid (%)		53.66	50.7	66.74	49.83	61.17	50.63	71.31	51.40	66.18	69.63	64.35

KAD: Kaduna; DCH: Lagos; HBP + G: honeybee pure infused with garlic; HBP + M: honeybee infused with moringa; IMS: Imo state; OBD: Obudu; KL: US grade A honey; JS: Jos; TRB: Taraba; NSK: Nsukka; HBP: honeybee pure; ND: not detected.