Research Article

Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Efflux Pump Gene Expression in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Isolates from South Africa by Quantitative Real-Time PCR and Regression Analysis

Table 1

Primers used for real-time qPCR.

GeneLocus tagPrimer sequence (5′-3′)Amplicon size (bp)Description

penANGO1542penAF_ACCGAAAGACATCGTCGCCT172Penicillin-binding protein
penAR_CGTCGGCACAAGCAAACTGT
ponANGO0099ponAF_GGAGTGGGTCTGGTTGCCAT201Penicillin-binding protein 1A
ponAR_GGCAATAACCGCATTCCGCA
pilQNGO0094pilQF_ACGAGGCTTTGGATTGCGAG234Type IV pilus secretin PilQ.
pilQR_TTATGCTTTTTGCCGCGACCG
rpsJNGO1841rpsJF_CCATCAGGCGCAAATGGGTG17930S ribosomal protein S10
rpsJR_CGCCCTGATTGACCGTTCTG
16S rRNANGO_r0316SrRNAF_AGCCGTAACACAGGTGCTGC20916S ribosomal RNA
NGO_r06
NGO_r0916S rRNAR_GACCATTGTATGACGTGTGAAGCC
NGO_r12
gyrANGO0629gyrAF_TTGTGAGAAGCTGGATGACGG185DNA gyrase subunit A
gyrAR_TGGACGAAGGCGAAACCTTG
parCNGO1259parCF_GGTTGCCGTCTATGCCTCCT213DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A
parCR_CGCCTGCCTTCGCTTTCAAT
parENGO1333parEF_GCCTTCGCGTTCCATCCAAG166DNA topoisomerase IV subunit B
parER_GATGAACCCCGACCAGCTCA
23S rRNANGO_r0223SF_TGCTTCCAAGCCTTCCAC17123S ribosomal RNA
NGO_r0523SR_GAATGGCGTAACGATGGC
NGO_r08
NGO_r11
mtrRNGO1366mtrRF_CGTTGGACGGGCTGATTTGG118HTH-type transcriptional regulator MtrR
mtrRR_CGCAGGCAGGGATGGTTTTC
mtrANGO1250mtrAF_GTGCCTTTTGGGCGGACAAT173Transcriptional activator of mtrCDE
mtrAR_TCCGTCGTGGCTCAACACAT
mtrCNGO1365mtrCF_TCCACAACCACCTTGTCCCC136Cation/multidrug efflux protein
mtrCR_GCGGTGCGAAAGATACCGTG
mtrDNGO1364mtrDF_CGTATTGCTGGACGGTTGCC242Cation/multidrug efflux protein
mtrDR_GCACGCCATTTATCCGGGTG
mtrENGO1363mtrEF_AGACGGCATTTGTTTGCCCG165Multidrug transporter
mtrER_ATTTGCTCGATGCGGAACGC
mtrFNGO1368mtrFF_ACAGTCGAATGGCTGGGCAA99Integral membrane protein. Newly described efflux pump
mtrFR_GAAATACGCACCGACGGCAG
macANGO1440macAF_TTCACGGTCAGCGACGGAAT115Macrolide transport protein MacA
macAR_CCCGTTCGTTTGTGCCGAAT
macBNGO1439macBF_ATCTGCCTGATGCTGTCGCT199Macrolide ABC transporter ATP-binding protein/permease
macBR_CCGACGTGCTGATGCTTTGG
norMNGO0395norMF_ATCGAAACGGTAGGCGAGCA140Multidrug efflux protein
norMR_AACCGGCAGACTTCACCCAA
farANGO1683farAF_GCGGATTGCCCGAGGATTTC183Multidrug resistance protein
farAR_GCTGAACCGCGAAGATGTGG
farBNGO1682farBF_TGTTGCGGAATAGGGCGTGA170EmrB/QacA subfamily multidrug transporter
farBR_CACTGTCGCACATGAAGGGC