Updates on the Status of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in Lebanon

Table 1

A summary of all detected carbapenemase types in Lebanon since the first reported carbapenemase in 2007. IMP: imipenemase metallo-β-lactamase; NDM: New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase; OXA: oxacillin carbapenemase/oxacillinase.

Years	Studies	Types of detected carbapenemase
2007	Daoud et al.	IMP
2008	Matar et al.	OXA-48
2010	El-Herte et al.	OXA-48 and NDM-1
2011	Baroud et al.	OXA-48 and NDM-1
2011-2012	Hammoudi et al.	OXA-48
2012	Hammoudi et al.	OXA-48
2012	Beyrouti et al.	OXA-48
2008–2014	Kissoyan et al.	OXA-48 and NDM-1
2011–2015	Hajj et al.	OXA-48 and OXA-244
2012–2016	Dagher et al.	OXA-48 and OXA-181
2018-2019	Bayssari et al.	OXA-48, NDM-1 and NDM-4