Inoculation of Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Bacillus subtilis Can Improve Growth in Vegetable Crops

Table 4

Effects of single and co-inoculation of AMF and PGPR inoculums on the rate of total AMF root colonization and spore density of L. esculentum, A. cepa, and C. pepo.

Treatments	L. esculentum			A. cepa			C. pepo
	TC (%)		SD g^−1 soil	TC (%)		SD g^−1 soil	TC (%)		SD g^−1 soil
	After 35 d	After 60 d	After 60 d	After 35 d	After 60 d	After 60 d	After 35 d	After 60 d	After 60 d
T1	16.6 ± 0.3c	59.0 ± 0.1c	12.2 ± 0.0c	18.6 ± 0.3c	64.7 ± 0.5c	15.3 ± 0.0c	12.2 ± 0.5c	49.7 ± 0.1c	8.5 ± 0.1b
T2	28.3 ± 0.5a	76.6 ± 0.6a	22.4 ± 0.0a	36.6 ± 0.7a	83.9 ± 0.8a	27.1 ± 0.0a	23.6 ± 0.3a	65.6 ± 0.2a	10.9 ± 0.4a
T3	7.6 ± 1.9d	39.3 ± 0.3d	9.6 ± 0.0d	11.3 ± 0.5d	50.9 ± 0.2d	11.2 ± 0.0d	2.9 ± 0.3d	32.1 ± 0.7d	6.4 ± 0.3c
T4	19.2 ± 0.5b	63.7 ± 0.5b	14.2 ± 0.0b	23.2 ± 0.6b	72.8 ± 0.3b	17.2 ± 0.0b	15.5 ± 2.8b	54.4 ± 0.3b	8.3 ± 0.1b
T5		—	—		—	—		—	—
T6		—	—		—	—		—	—
T7		—	—		—	—		—	—

T1: inoculation with a consortium with indigenous AMF; T2: dual inoculation with a consortium of AMF and Bacillus subtilis; T3: single inoculation with Rhizophagus clarus; T4: dual inoculation of R. clarus and B. subtilis; T5: single inoculation with B. subtilis; T6: negative control (noninoculated and not fertilized); T7: positive control (chemical fertilizer). TC: total colorization; SD: spore density. Mean values followed by the same letter are not significantly different at . Mean ± standard error.