Estimated Visceral Adipose Tissue, but Not Body Mass Index, Is Associated with Reductions in Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Cystatin C in the Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Table 1

Clinical, biological, and anthropometric characteristics of the study participants by gender.

Variables	Total; 𝑛=241	Male; 𝑛=58	Female; 𝑛=183	𝑃 value
Age (yrs)	59.6±9.2	61.5±9.5	59.0±9.0	0.093
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	101.8±57.8	89.4±36.5	105.8±62.7	0.124
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	208.1±44.3	191.9±40.5	214.2±44.2	<0.001
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	46.1±11.6	43.5±9.7	47.0±12.0	0.074
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	146.9±75.5	137.4±63.7	149.8±78.8	0.470
Microalbuminuria (mg/24 h)	30.4±58.5	41.6±67.8	26.8±55.0	0.336
SBP (mmHg)	146.5±19.1	150.2±18.2	145.4±19.3	0.126
DBP (mmHg)	87.9±10.7	88.7±10.2	87.6±10.9	0.693
Duration of hypertension (yrs)	7.6±6.6	7.2±6.3	7.7±6.6	0.695
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	0.81±0.16	1.0±0.1	0.7±0.1	<0.001
Serum cystatin C (mg/L)	0.84±0.16	0.91±0.18	0.82±0.15	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.8±4.6	26.6±3.7	28.1±4.8	0.058
WC (cm)	95.3±11.3	95.5±10.2	95.2±11.7	0.630
VAT (cm^2)	165.5±55.9	154.7±65.2	168.9±52.4	0.166

HDL: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; eVAT: estimated visceral adipose tissue. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.