Estimated Visceral Adipose Tissue, but Not Body Mass Index, Is Associated with Reductions in Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Cystatin C in the Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Table 3

Glomerular filtration rate estimated by the modification of diet in renal disease, Larsson, Levey 2, and Levey 3 equations by categories of body mass index, waist circumference, and visceral adipose tissue.

Variables	GFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)
	BMI		𝑃 value	WC		𝑃 value	VAT		𝑃 value
	Nonobese	Obese		Normal	High		Normal	High
Male	𝑛=44	𝑛=14		𝑛=39	𝑛=19		𝑛=30	𝑛=28
MDRD	89.5±19.3	89.7±12.9	0.842	90.0±19.2	88.7±15.0	0.993	90.2±19.8	88.8±15.8	0.963
Larsson	88.3±19.9	99.8±20.7	0.104	88.2±20.3	96.9±20.4	0.161	89.7±19.9	93.6±21.5	0.559
Levey 2	84.5±18.6	95.9±18.9	0.064	84.8±18.9	92.4±19.0	0.205	85.9±18.5	88.7±20.0	0.554
Levey 3	85.4±17.6	90.9±12.4	0.217	85.8±17.8	88.5±14.1	0.534	86.3±17.7	87.2±15.5	0.618
Female	𝑛=129	𝑛=54		𝑛=48	𝑛=135		𝑛=70	𝑛=113
MDRD	90.3±21.0	88.1±17.8	0.738	91.7±23.7	88.9±18.7	0.670	93.4±23.7	87.3±17.2	0.122
Larsson	103.7±23.2	102.1±24.0	0.484	106.7±23.2	102.0±22.4	0.251	109.2±24.9	99.5±21.7	0.016
Levey 2	89.8±19.3	89.3±20.5	0.643	92.3±18.7	88.7±19.8	0.284	95.4±20.6	86.1±18.1	0.005
Levey 3	89.9±16.4	89.7±17.9	0.932	92.2±18.1	89.0±16.3	0.382	94.8±18.6	86.8±14.8	0.008

GFR: glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m²); BMI: body mass index was classified as nonobese if <30.0 kg/m² and obese if ≥30.0 kg/m²; WC: waist circumference was assessed as high if ≥88 cm in women and ≥102 cm in men; eVAT: estimated visceral adipose tissue was defined as high if greater than ≥150 cm² for men and women; MDRD: modification of diet in renal disease equation; Larsson: equation with cystatin C and without age and gender adjustment or based only on cystatin C; Levey 2: equation with cystatin C and age and gender adjustment; Levey 3: equation with cystatin C, creatinine, age, and gender adjustment; Dif.: difference between the GFR estimated by MDRD and the other equations. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.