Renal Failure among Women of Reproductive Age in Burundi: Estimating the Prevalence and Associated Factors Using Population-Based Data

Table 2

Marginal predictive model of the factors associated with renal failure.

Variable	Marginal effect (%)	95% CI
Age
15–19	2.8	2.0, 3.5	<0.001
20–24	3.5	2.8, 4.2	<0.001
25–29	4.5	3.7, 5.3	<0.001
30–34	5.4	4.5, 6.3	<0.001
35–39	6.0	5.0, 7.0	<0.001
40–44	7.5	6.2, 8.7	<0.001
45–49	10.2	8.5, 11.8	<0.001
Residential status
Urban	3.6	2.8, 4.4	<0.001
Rural	5.5	5.1, 5.9	<0.001
Geographical region
Bubanza	2.3	1.3, 3.3	<0.001
Bujumbura Rural	3.1	2.0, 4.2	<0.001
Bururi	11.2	9.1, 13.3	<0.001
Cankuzo	0.5	0.1, 1.0	0.025
Cibitoke	3.0	1.9, 4.1	<0.001
Gitega	5.2	3.9, 6.5	<0.001
Karusi	0.6	0.1, 1.1	0.014
Kayanza	4.2	3.0, 5.4	<0.001
Kirundo	2.3	1.4, 3.2	<0.001
Makamba	20.8	18.1, 23.4	<0.001
Muramvya	0.5	0.1, 1.0	0.025
Muyinga	0.5	0.1, 0.9	0.025
Mwaro	2.1	1.2, 3.1	<0.001
Ngozi	1.8	1.0, 2.6	<0.001
Rutana	4.4	3.0, 5.7	<0.001
Ruyigi		—	—
Bujumbura Mairie	5.9	3.6, 8.2	<0.001
Rumonge	21.5	18.8, 24.3	<0.001
Education
No formal education	5.6	5.0, 6.2	<0.001
Primary	5.5	4.9, 6.0	<0.001
Secondary+	3.7	3.0, 4.4	<0.001
Wealth quintiles
Poorest	4.7	3.9, 5.6	<0.001
Poorer	5.4	4.6, 6.2	<0.001
Middle	4.9	4.2, 5.6	<0.001
Richer	5.4	4.7, 6.1	<0.001
Richest	5.1	4.4, 5.9	<0.001
Marital status
Unmarried	4.9	3.9, 5.8	<0.001
Currently married/living with a partner	5.2	4.8, 5.7	<0.001
Formerly married	5.0	4.0, 6.0	<0.001
Health insurance coverage
Covered	4.3	3.7, 4.9	<0.001
Not covered	5.4	5.0, 5.8	<0.001
Participation in labor force
Yes	5.3	4.9, 5.6	<0.001
No	4.5	3.7, 5.3	<0.001
Source of drinking water
Improved	5.0	4.7, 5.4	<0.001
Unimproved	5.7	4.9, 6.5	<0.001
Sanitation
Improved	5.1	4.7, 5.6	<0.001
Unimproved	5.1	4.6, 5.7	<0.001
Ever had a terminated pregnancy
Yes	6.7	5.8, 7.6	<0.001∗
No	4.8	4.5, 5.1	<0.001∗
Ever used anything or tried to delay or avoid getting pregnant
Yes	5.9	5.3, 6.5	<0.001
No	4.7	4.3, 5.1	<0.001
Alcohol use
Yes	5.2	4.6, 5.7	<0.001
No	5.1	4.7, 5.5	<0.001

Significant at ; CI: confidence interval; na: not estimated due to lack of data.