Cardiovascular Risk Factor Profiles and Disease in Black Compared to Other Africans with Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 1
Baseline characteristics in black compared to other African chronic kidney disease patients overall and in sensitivity analysis among predialysis and dialysis patients.
Characteristics
Chronic kidney disease patients
All patients
Predialysis patients
Dialysis patients
Intergroup comparisona
Black African (n = 46)
Other African (n = 69)
value
Black African (n = 19)
Other African (n = 48)
value
Black African (n = 27)
Other African (n = 21)
value
value
Demographics
Age (years)
54.3 (14.6)
59.9 (13.3)
0.03
55.7 (14.2)
60.3 (13.6)
0.2
53.3 (15.0)
59.1 (13.0)
0.2
0.1
Female sex
18 (39.1)
25 (36.2)
1.0
6 (31.6)
15 (31.3)
0.8
12 (44.4)
10 (47.6)
0.8
0.5
CKD stage
Predialysis
19 (41.3)
48 (69.6)
0.005
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Dialysis
27 (58.7)
21 (30.4)
0.005
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Lifestyle
Current smoker
2 (4.4)
1 (1.5)
0.4
2 (10.5)
1 (2.1)
0.2
0 (0)
0 (0)
—
—
Exsmoker
2 (4.4)
6 (8.7)
0.3
0 (0)
4 (8.3)
1.0
2 (7.4)
2 (9.5)
0.5
0.6
Alcohol
1 (2.2)
1 (1.5)
0.8
0 (0)
1 (2.1)
1.0
1 (3.7)
0 (0)
—
0.7
Exercise
19 (41.3)
23 (33.3)
0.4
6 (31.6)
11 (22.9)
0.5
13 (48.2)
12 (57.1)
0.4
0.06
Anthropometry
Weight (kg)
74.5 (13.0)
81.1 (16.8)
0.02
76.3 (13.6)
83.1 (16.5)
0.07
73.1 (12.7)
76.7 (17.1)
0.5
0.04
Height (cm)
167.8 (9.8)
170.5 (10.4)
0.09
170.0 (7.9)
171.3 (9.7)
0.5
166.2 (10.7)
168.6 (11.3)
0.2
0.2
Waist (cm)
96.5 (13.1)
102.0 (15.3)
0.1
97.1 (10.4)
101.4 (14.8)
0.3
96.1 (14.9)
103.3 (16.7)
0.3
0.2
Neck (cm)
38.6 (3.8)
39.7 (4.5)
0.2
38.7 (4.7)
39.5 (5.5)
0.7
38.4 (3.1)
40.1 (5.1)
0.3
0.5
BMI (kg/m2)
26.6 (5.3)
27.9 (5.6)
0.2
26.5 (5.2)
28.3 (5.5)
0.2
26.7 (5.5)
27.0 (5.8)
0.8
0.4
Waist-hip ratio
0.98 (0.11)
0.97 (0.10)
0.2
0.97 (0.14)
0.97 (0.11)
0.6
0.99 (0.09)
0.97 (0.09)
0.3
0.8
Waist-height ratio
0.58 (0.09)
0.59 (0.09)
0.5
0.57 (0.07)
0.59 (0.09)
0.5
0.58 (0.11)
0.61 (0.11)
0.7
0.5
Data are expressed as mean (SD) or number (percent) and were analysed in age and sex adjusted linear of logistic regression models as appropriate. aFor differences among black and other African predialysis patients and black and other African dialysis patients. Significant differences are shown in bold. CKD, chronic kidney disease; BMI, body mass index.
