Cardiovascular Risk Factor Profiles and Disease in Black Compared to Other Africans with Chronic Kidney Disease
Table 4
Left ventricular structure and function in black compared to other African chronic kidney disease patients overall and in sensitivity analysis among predialysis and dialysis patients.
Characteristics
Chronic kidney disease patients
All patients
Predialysis patients
Dialysis patients
Intergroup comparisonb
Black African (n = 46)
Other African (n = 69)
Modela
Black African (n = 19)
Other African (n = 48)
Modela
Black African (n = 27)
Other African (n = 21)
Modela
value
Categorical variables
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
LV hypertrophy
21 (45.7)
27 (39.1)
1.50 (0.65 to 3.48)
6 (31.6)
18 (37.5)
0.77 (0.22 to 2.75)
15 (55.6)
9 (42.9)
1.78 (0.55 to 6.27)
0.3
LV concentric remodelling
15 (33.3)
18 (26.9)
1.36 (0.59 to 3.15)
7 (36.8)
13 (27.7)
1.53 (0.49 to 4.78)
8 (30.8)
5 (25.0)
1.35 (0.35 to 5.14)
0.9
Reduced ejection fraction
5 (11.1)
17 (25.3)
0.41 (0.14 to 1.26)
2 (10.5)
11 (23.9)
0.46 (0.07 to 2.62)
3 (11.5)
6 (30.0)
0.32 (0.07 to 1.52)
0.3
Continuous variables
Partial R
Partial R
Partial R
LV mass index (g/m2)
104.1 (50.9)
91.4 (38.6)
0.147
0.1
99.2 (38.2)
88.6 (38.2)
0.132
0.3
107.6 (58.8)
97.9 (39.6)
0.084
0.06
0.3
LV relative wall thickness
0.39 (0.12)
0.38 (0.12)
0.023
0.8
0.42 (0.13)
0.38 (0.10)
0.132
0.3
0.37 (0.10)
0.39 (0.15)
−0.058
0.7
0.6
Ejection fraction (%)
65.9 (13.7)
61.2 (14.6)
0.159
0.1
65.7 (15.7)
63.3 (13.8)
0.071
0.6
66.1 (12.3)
56.4 (15.8)
0.356
0.01
0.1
Stroke volume (ml/beat)
74.1 (24.7)
66.9 (24.2)
0.150
0.1
67.6 (22.3)
69.2 (24.3)
−0.025
0.9
78.9 (25.7)
61.6 (23.6)
0.315
0.03
0.1
1.10 (0.48)
1.01 (0.36)
0.053
0.6
1.19 (0.56)
1.06 (0.38)
0.093
0.5
1.04 (0.41)
0.91 (0.27)
0.135
0.4
0.2
11.5 (5.1)
9.7 (4.0)
0.254
0.007
11.3 (5.4)
8.8 (3.6)
0.307
0.01
11.7 (4.1)
11.7 (5.0)
0.070
0.7
0.02
Average (cm/s)
8.2 (2.6)
8.7 (2.7)
−0.201
0.03
8.4 (2.4)
9.1 (2.7)
0.246
0.04
8.0 (2.8)
7.8 (2.6)
−0.049
0.8
0.2
Data are expressed as mean (SD), median (interquartile range), or number (percentage). aAdjusted for age and sex; bfor differences among black and other African predialysis and black and other African dialysis patients. Significant associations are shown in bold. LV, left ventricular; E, early diastolic wave; A, late or atrial diastolic wave; , peak velocity during early diastole.
