Research Article
Clinical Predictors of Nondiabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Diabetes: A Single-Center Study
Table 1
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with DKD, NDKD, and mixed NDKD + DKD.
| | Variables | All patients | DKD | Mixed NDKD + DKD | NDKD |
value |
| | No. of patients (%) | 142 | 53 (37.32) | 28 (19.72) | 61 (42.96) | – | | Age (yr) | 62.65 ± 12.35 | 59.9 ± 12.2 | 63.9 ± 12.6 | 64.5 ± 12.1 | 0.12 | | Males (%) | 103 (72.5) | 39 (73.6) | 21 (75.0) | 43 (70.5) | 0.89 | | Race, Caucasians (%) | 125 (88.03) | 42 (79.2) | 26 (92.8) | 57 (93.4) | 0.045 | | Type I DM (%) | 5 (3.52) | 3 (5.6) | 1 (3.6) | 1 (1.6) | 0.5 | | BMI | 28.7 ± 5.7 | 28.1 ± 5.1 | 30.0 ± 7.5 | 28.7 ± 5.4 | 0.36 | | Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 138.7 ± 15.5 | 142.2 ± 16.2 | 138.5 ± 17.1 | 135.9 ± 13.7 | 0.09 | | Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.7 ± 9.6 | 77.8 ± 9.7 | 79.2 ± 8.5 | 76.9 ± 10.0 | 0.59 | | Diabetes duration (yr) | 11.9 ± 9.7 | 14 (7–20) | 12 (6.2–18.7) | 6 (3–11) | <0.001 | | Diabetic retinopathy (%) | 49 (34.51) | 32 (60.4) | 9 (32.1) | 8 (13.1) | 0.001 | | Ischemic heart disease/stroke (%) | 52 (36.62) | 22 (41.5) | 11 (39.3) | 19 (31.1) | 0.53 | | Smokers (%) | 25 (17.73) | 10 (18.9) | 5 (17.9) | 10 (16.4) | 0.95 | | HbA1C (mmol/mol) | 51.0 ± 14.55 | 49 (42–66) | 50.5 (42.2–56.5) | 43.5 (38.2–53.7) | 0.04 | | Proteinuria/creatininuria | 3.895 (1.195–6.925) | 5 (3.6–8.5) | 5.2 (0.9–9.6) | 2 (0.6–4.3) | <0.001 | | eGFR (ml/min) | 36.2 ± 27.02 | 34.4 ± 33.2 | 31.9 ± 16.7 | 39.7 ± 33.2 | 0.37 | | Microhematuria (%) | 89 (62.68) | 34 (64.2) | 21 (75.0) | 34 (55.7) | 0.21 | | s-albumin (g/dl) | 3.329 ± 0.76 | 3.2 (2.8–3.7) | 3.24 (2.7–3.8) | 3.5 (3.0–4.0) | 0.07 | | Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 82 (57.75) | 32 (60.4) | 18 (64.3) | 32 (52.5) | 0.57 | | s-hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.09 ± 2.0 | 10.8 ± 1.6 | 11.0 ± 1.7 | 11.4 ± 2.4 | 0.36 | | Nephrotic syndrome (%) | 59 (41.55) | 28 (52.8) | 14 (50.0) | 17 (27.9) | 0.02 | | Acute kidney injury (%) | 49 (34.51) | 16 (30.2) | 9 (32.1) | 24 (39.3) | 0.6 | | s-C3 (mg/dl) | 113.4 ± 17.1 | 114.6 ± 19.7 | 115.3 ± 33.3 | 111.5 ± 26.7 | 0.77 | | s-C4 (mg/dl) | 26.78 ± 10.3 | 29.4 ± 10.2 | 25.3 ± 10.2 | 25.1 ± 10.2 | 0.06 | | ANA or ANCA or anti-PLA2R+ (%) | 22 (15.49) | 5 (9.4) | 3 (10.7) | 14 (23) | 0.1 | | HBsAg or HCV or HIV+ (%) | 19 (13.38) | 4 (7.5) | 4 (14.3) | 11 (18) | 0.26 | | Hematological conditions (MGUS, MM, and MBL) (%) | 21 (14.79) | 2 (3.8) | 6 (21.4) | 13 (21.3) | 0.02 |
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