| | Ref. | Year | Cases | Enzyme used | IF panel applied | Significant result |
| | Nidia Messias [4] | 2015 | 304 (207 cases as salvage and 97 cases for antigen unmasking) | Proteinase K (Dako, product no. S302080-2) | IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4, C1q, fibrinogen, κ- and λ-light chains | Paraffin immunofluorescence was necessary or had a significant contribution to diagnosis in > 1/3 of the cases and prevention of misdiagnosis due to masked immune complex-type deposits |
| | Nada [21] | 2016 | 75 renal biopsies and 43 autopsies (LN, MGN, IgA, complement-mediated dense deposit disease, monoclonal diseases, amyloidosis, cast nephropathy) | Proteinase-K, (Amresco, OH 44139 USA, Cat 0706) | Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), complements (C3, C1q), light chains (kappa, lambda), and fibrinogen (Cako, Carpinteria, CA, USA) | Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (recent and archival) can be used to demonstrate immunoglobulin and complement deposits using a proteinase-K enzyme treatment |
| | Geetika Singh [13] | 2016 | 246 (MN, MPGN, LN, PIGN, and chronic glomerulonephritis) | Proteinase K (Sigma–Aldrich, United States) | IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C1q, kappa, and lambda | Immunofluorescence on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is a useful “salvage” technique in the case of nonavailability of representative fresh frozen tissue; however, it is not without pitfalls |
| | Akira Yabuki [22] | 2017 | 12 (Differentiate between ICGN and non-ICGN) | Combination of trypsin for 30 min (Try-30) and microwave | IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3 | IF-FFPE with trypsin and microwave pretreatment is a valuable technique for the diagnosis of renal diseases |
| | Ranjana Solanki [11] | 2019 | 50 (LN, MGN, FSGS, MCD, HSP, IgMN) | Proteinase-K (1.25 mg/mL) for 25–30 min | IgG, IgA, IgM, complements C3c, C1q, and kappa and lambda light chains | IF-P can serve as a salvage technique and has significant diagnostic utility |
| | Nasar Yousuf Alwahaibi [23] | 2020 | 101 (FSGS, MN, MPGN, IgAN, MesPGN, acute tubular injury) | Proteinase K (ready to use, code no. S3020; Dako, CA, USA) | IgA, IgG, and IgM immune deposits | IF-P is a specific method for the evaluation of immune deposits in the renal tissue biopsies |
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