Immunophenotypic Characterization of Citrate-Containing A Concentrates in Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Pre-Post Study

Table 5

Changes in monocyte phenotypes and PMN-MDSCs after switching to citrate-acidified A concentrates.

Monocyte and PMN-MDSC phenotype (10^9/L)	Treatment (mean ± SD)		Linear mixed model
			Main effect: treatment
	Acetate	Citrate	Estimate (β)	value
Monocyte^a	1.4 ± 0.9	1.4 ± 1.0	−0.06	0.69
CD14+CD16−^a	1.0 ± 0.7	0.9 ± 0.8	−0.12	0.30
CD14+CD16+^a	0.2 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.1	−0.001	0.95
CD14−CD15+; PMN−MDSC^b	0.04 ± 0.1	0.03 ± 0.3	−0.013	0.35
CD14+CD16−PDL1+^a	0.01 ± 0.01	0.01 ± 0.01	−0.003	0.14
CD14+CD16+PDL1+^a	0.002 ± 0.003	0.001 ± 0.001	−0.0008	0.036

A linear mixed model was built to analyze the parameters before and after switching to citrate dialysate (with treatment as the main effect: citrate = 1, acetate = 0). To test for robustness of our results and to rule out confounding as far as possible, another model was built and adjusted for: HD-membranes used during acetate versus citrate, vascular access type, HD vs. HD (F), and session duration (see supplementary Table 4). Similar results as depicted above were obtained for treatment (citrate = 1).  < 0.05 was considered significant. ^a1 missing values in the citrate treatment group. ^b9 missing values of PMN-MDSCs in acetate treatment groups.