Integration of High-Performance Nanocrystalline TiO₂ Photoelectrodes for N719-Sensitized Solar Cells

Figure 2

Scanning electron micrographs of (a) the top view of a spherical-cavity-based TiO₂ film, (b) the top view of a nanocrystalline TiO₂ film, (c) cross-sectional view of the double-layer TiO₂ film with a nanocrystalline TiO₂ layer and a spherical-cavity-based TiO₂ layer.

(a)

(b)

(c)