Influence of the Porosity of the TiO₂ Film on the Performance of the Perovskite Solar Cell

Figure 3

SEM and AFM images (5 μm × 5 μm) of the perovskite films based on the mesoporous TiO₂: (a), (b) PS-0; (c), (d) PS-0.5; (e), (f) PS-1.0; and (g), (h) PS-1.5.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)