Use of Nanofluids in Solar PV/Thermal Systems

Table 1

Advantages and disadvantages of the single and two-step method [28, 29].

Property	Single step method	Two-step method
Stability	✓ (high level) [34]	✓ achieved by adding reactants and surfactants [35]
Avoiding agglomeration	✓ (low level)	✓
Avoiding storage and transportation	✓
Simple	—	✓
Large quantity produced	—	✓
Particle uniformity	—	✓
Quick process	—	✓
Dispersion	✓ (totally)	✓ (partially)